Greek Texts & Translations

Philologic Information and Help

Welcome to Philologic. Here are some tips to make your visit more productive:

Morphology and Lemmatization: You can now search by morphological characteristics and by lemmatized form. Do this with the formula pos: or lemma: E.g., pos:v*3spia* will find verb forms in the 3sg, present indicative active; lemma:λέγω will find instances of the verb λέγω (in our implementation this includes εἶπον, by the way). New: An easier way of searching is with the form: query. Write out your morphological attributes without having to worry about dashes and asterisks, e.g., form:perfect-active-optative or form:perf-act-opt or form:act-opt-perfect
A quick overview of part-of-speech codes:
slot 1: major part of speech: verb, noun, adjective, pronoun, adverb, conjunction, preposition, g= particle,..
slot 2: minor part of speech: ne proper name (also: ae, de for proper-name adjectives and adverbs based on proper names), ps possessive pronoun, gm modal particle, pa definite article. Further examples: .c =copula .d = demonstrative, .i=interrogative, .r = relative, .s= possessive, .x=indefinite.
slot 3: person (1, 2, 3)
slot 4: number (s, p, dual)
slot 5: tense (p, imperfect, aorist, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect)
slot 6: mood (i, s, o, imperative, participle, infinitive)
slot 7: voice (a, m, p, e: middle-passive)
slot 8: gender (m, f, n, c: common gender)
slot 9: case (n, g, d, a, v)
slot 10: degree (c, s)

Sample searches (using asterisk as a wild card, hyphens for single empty slots):
pos:v*ana* : for a verb in the aorist infinitive active
pos:pp* for personal pronouns;
pos:dd* for demonstrative adverbs.
lemma:δοκέω;pos:v-3s* (3rd singular forms of δοκέω); lemma:δοκέω;pos:v-3s* pos:*d- (same, followed by something in dative case). Do note that this system has no syntax whatsoever; it purely searches for morphological characteristics! The datives you see may not 'go with' the forms of δοκέω at all.
We now have more so-called Tooltips on the search form. Hover over a box with your mouse, wait a moment, and you may get helpful information. In Firefox, you can install an 'add-on' called Long Titles to make the full text of these tips display.
Show Options: Clicking on the "Show Options" buttons gives you a listing of all the possibilities for the search field in this database. Please be patient; some of these take a few moments to generate. 'Show Options' does not execute a search; it merely lists a number of possibilities for you to enter in the adjoining search field.
For bibliographic fields, the Show Options function is dynamic: if you have already selected Plautus as your Author and proceed to click on Show Options next to the Title field, you will see titles by Plautus only.
'Text object' is an umbrella term for both structural parts of texts (chapters, sections, notes) as well as less conventional units, such as character text. These fields allow you to limit your search to textual notes, or to a particular character in comedy.
For pattern matching one may employ wildcard characters (e.g., widow* retrieves widow, widowe, widowhood, etc.). Wild cards are not necessary outside the main search field. In the author field, 'Xen', 'Xen*', 'noph', etc. all find Xenophon. For fuller explanations, please consult the Philologic manual.
You can look up parses and associated dictionary entries by clicking on any Greek word. If this does not result in anything, you may have blocked pop-up windows.
In case you are looking for the morphological analysis of a word that does not appear on the page, you may want to use the parse box on our home page instead.
In the bibliographic search fields, try to enter as little information as possible. 'Xen' suffices to get you to Xenophon.
Philologists: Check out the refined search results. Here you can tweak the KWIC settings, for instance.
Narratologists: Check out the Text Object Search fields. Here you can enter a character's name and search only in that character's speech (fully implemented in Greek texts of tragedy and comedy).
Text Objects are also handy if you are looking for Demosthenes on the Crown and don't remember the number of the speech. Simply enter 'crown' or 'Στεφ' --NB: Greek is accent and case-sensitive here.
On the results pages, we have included a link to report problems and errors. If you find anything from a misplaced accent to a missing chunk of text, or if you have suggestions for improvement, please let us know.
Terms: Clicking on the "Terms" buttons gives you a listing of all the possibilities for the search field in this database. Please be patient; some of these take a few moments to generate.
No results when you fully expected them? You may need to hit the 'Clear' button to make sure you do not have hidden criteria from a previous search. Also, make sure that your typed input matches the radio button for full diacritics (and all English input); no diacritics; or transliteration.
Transliteration: Here's the Greek alphabet in Greek and corresponding transliteration: αa βb γg δd εe ζz ηh θq ιi κk λl μm νn ξc o πp ρr σs τt υu φf χx ψy ωw.
Similarity searching: Remember, you know more Greek than a computer does. Your mileage may vary, but you will probably find this option most useful for searching the English translations.

Bibiliographic Search Fields

Find documents or limit word searches (use AND, OR, and NOT).

Editor:

(e.g. 'Steven J. Willett')

Pubdate:

(e.g. '1899')

Language:

(e.g. 'Greek')

Shrtcite:

(e.g. 'HesiodShieldGr')

Genre:

(e.g. 'comedy')

One may also use the bibliographic fields on their own to find documents and sort the results.
Sort bibliographic searches only by:

Text Object Search Fields

Find documents or limit word searches (use OR only).

Div Objects
Head:

(e.g. 'To Nicocles')

Type:

(e.g. 'choral' or 'NOT notes')

SubDiv Objects:

Use Who: to find text spoken by characters you specify.
Who:

(e.g. 'Μήδεια')

N:

(e.g. 'Atossa')

Tag:

(e.g. 'note')

Type:

(e.g. 'iamb')

Greek Texts & Translations

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