ch. 69 note
16.69.1When Lyciscus was archon at Athens, the Romans elected as consuls Marcus Valerius and Marcus Publius, and the one hundred and ninth Olympiad was celebrated, in which Aristolochus the Athenian won the foot-race. note In this year the first treaty was concluded between the Romans and the Carthaginians. note
16.69.2In Caria, Idrieus, the ruler of the Carians, died after ruling seven years, and Ada, his sister and wife, succeeding him, ruled for four years. note
16.69.3In Sicily, Timoleon took the Adranitae and the Tyndaritae into his alliance and received not a few reinforcements from them. Great confusion reigned in Syracuse, where Dionysius held the Island, Hicetas Achradina and Neapolis, and Timoleon the rest of the city, while the Carthaginians had put in to the Great Harbour with a hundred and fifty triremes and encamped with fifty thousand men on the shore. note Timoleon and his men viewed the odds against them with dismay, but the prospect took a sudden and surprising change for the better.
16.69.4First Marcus, note the tyrant of Catania, came over to Timoleon with a considerable army, and then many of the outlying Syracusan forts declared for him in a move to gain their independence. On top of all this, the Corinthians manned ten ships, supplied them with money, and dispatched them to Syracuse. note
16.69.5Thereupon Timoleon plucked up courage but the Carthaginians took alarm and unaccountably sailed out of the harbour, returning with all their forces to their own territory. note
16.69.6Hicetas was left isolated, while Timoleon victoriously occupied Syracuse. note Then he proceeded to recover Messana, which had gone over to the Carthaginians. note
16.69.7Such was the state of affairs in Sicily.
In Macedonia, Philip had inherited from his father a quarrel with the Illyrians and found no means of reconciling the disagreement. He therefore invaded Illyria with a large force, devasted the countryside, captured many towns, and returned to Macedonia laden with booty. note
16.69.8Then he marched into Thessaly, and by expelling tyrants from the cities won over the Thessalians through gratitude. With them as his allies, he expected that the Greeks too would easily be won over also to his favour; and that is just what happened. The neighbouring Greeks straightway associated themselves with the decision of the Thessalians and became his enthusiastic allies. note
ch. 70 note
16.70.1When Pythodotus was archon at Athens, the Romans elected as consuls Gaius Plautius and Titus Manlius. note In this year note Timoleon frightened the tyrant Dionysius into surrendering the citadel, resigning his office and retiring under a safe-conduct to the Peloponnese, but retaining his private possessions.
16.70.2Thus, through cowardice and meanness, he lost that celebrated tyranny which had been, as people said, bound with fetters of steel, note and spent the remaining years of his life in poverty at Corinth, furnishing in his life and misfortune an example to all who vaunt themselves unwisely on their successes.
16.70.3He who had possessed four hundred triremes note arrived shortly after in Corinth in a small tub of a freighter, note conspicuously displaying the enormity of the change in his fortunes.
16.70.4Timoleon took over the Island and the forts which had formerly belonged to Dionysius. He razed the citadel and the tyrant's palace on the Island, and restored the independence of the fortified towns.
16.70.5Straightway he set to work on a new code of laws, converting the city into a democracy, and specified in exact detail the law of contracts and all such matters, paying special attention to equality. note
16.70.6He instituted also the annual office that is held in highest honour, which the Syracusans call the "amphipoly" of Zeus Olympius. note To this, the first priest elected was Callimenes, the son of Alcadas, and henceforth the Syracusans continued to designate the years by these officials down to the time of my writing this history and of the change in their form of government. For when the Romans shared their citizenship with the Greeks of Sicily, the office of these priests became insignificant, after having been important for over three hundred years. note
Such was the condition of affairs in Sicily.
