Latin Texts & Translations

Of the remaining fish that are held in any degree of esteem, the mullet ^[Note] is the most highly valued, as well as the most abundant of all; it is of only a moderate size, rarely exceeds two pounds in weight, and will never grow beyond that weight in preserves or fish-ponds. These fish are only to be found in the Northern Ocean, ^[Note] exceeding two pounds in weight, and even there in none but the more westerly parts. As for the other kinds, the various species are numerous; some ^[Note] live upon sea-weed, while others feed on the oyster, slime, and the flesh of other fish. The more distinctive mark is a forked

beard, that projects beneath the lower lip. The lutarius, ^[Note] or mud-mullet, is held in the lowest esteem of all. This last is always accompanied ^[Note] by another fish, known as the sargus, and where the mullet stirs up the mud, the other finds aliment for its own sustenance. The mullet that is found on the coast is not ^[Note] highly esteemed, and the most esteemed of all have a strong flavour ^[Note] of shell-fish. Fenestella is of opinion, that this fish received its name of mullet [mullus] from its resemblance to the colour of the red or mullet-coloured shoes. ^[Note] The mullet spawns three ^[Note] times a year: at all events, the fry makes its appearance that number of times. The masters in gastronomy inform us, that the mullet, while dying, assumes a variety of colours and a succession of shades, and that the hue of the red scales, growing paler and paler, gradually changes, more especially if it is looked at enclosed in glass. ^[Note]

M. Apicius, a man who displayed a remarkable degree of ingenuity in everything relating to luxury, was of opinion, that it was a most excellent plan to let the mullet die in the pickle known as the "garum of the allies" ^[Note]—for we find that even this has found a surname—and he proposed a prize for any one who should invent a new sauce, ^[Note] made from the liver of this fish. I find it much easier to relate this fact, than to state who it was that gained the prize.