Greek Texts & Translations

rather more than 4000 stadia. ^note This being added to the number ^note of stadia north of Ierne ^note above-mentioned, will give us the whole amount of uninhabitable land from Ierne northward 7800 stadia, and even omitting the 4000 stadia altogether, those parts of Bactriana next the Caucasus will still be 3800 stadia farther north than Ierne, and 8800 farther north than Keltica, ^note and [the mouth] of the Dnieper. 18

Hipparchus narrates that at the Dnieper and [the north of] Keltica, during the whole of the summer nights there is one continued twilight from sun-set to sun-rise, but at the winter solstice the sun never rises more than nine cubits above the horizon. ^note He adds that this phenomenon is yet more remarkable in regions 6300 ^note stadia north of Marseilles, (these regions he supposes to be peopled by Kelts, but I believe are inhabited by Britons, and 2500 stadia north of Keltica,) where the sun at the winter solstice ^note rises only six cubits above the horizon. That at 9100 ^note stadia north of Marseilles it only rises four cubits, and not so much as three in the countries beyond, and which I consider much farther north than Ierne. ^note However, Hipparchus, on the authority of Pytheas, places them south of Britain, and says that the longest day there consists only of 19 hours; ^note while in countries where the sun rises but four cubits above the horizon, and which are situated 9100 ^note